The Cuban Escambray mountain range is situated in the south-central region of the island, traversing about 80 kilometers (50 miles) from east to west, and 80 kilometers (50 miles) from north to south. Their highest peak called Pico San Juan, rises to 960 m (3,150 ft) above sea level and offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside. The Escambray range is divided into two sections by the Agabama River. The western part is called the Guamuhaya Mountains, and the eastern part, rising between Trinidad and Sancti Spiritus, is best known as Sierra de Sancti Spíritus. After Pico San Juan, the highest points are Caballete de Casas, Gavilanes, Loma de Banao, Caja de Agua, and Pico Tuerto.

Topes de Collantes is a nature reserve park created in the south-eastern ranges of Escambray Mountains, protecting and showcasing caves, rivers, waterfalls, and canyons. The Valley de los Ingenios just outside Trinidad is developed at the south-eastern foot of the mountains, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Escambray is a popular day trip from Trinidad and Playa Ancon due to their relative proximity.